First, we must clarify the basic principles for setting lighting safety standards: "Light sources emit light, lighting fixtures use light"—the light used for illumination is emitted by light sources, and lighting fixtures are devices that optimize light dispersion and ensure the safe use of the light source. Therefore, lighting safety standards do not involve requirements for the light source itself.
"Light fixture naming is separate from the light source and serves illumination"—light fixtures utilize the light emitted by the light source to provide illumination. Therefore, the classification and naming of lighting fixture standards should not be related to the light source, but should directly reflect its service capabilities, target audience, and location.
Based on a full understanding of these two principles, it is not difficult to see that existing national standards for lighting fixtures are applicable to LED lighting fixtures. However, some known characteristics of LED lighting fixtures are not specifically reflected in existing standards, requiring further development of specific performance and energy efficiency standards for LED lighting fixtures.
In other words, LED lighting fixtures can be classified into six major categories: recessed lighting fixtures, fixed general-purpose lighting fixtures, portable general-purpose lighting fixtures, aquarium lighting fixtures, night lights installed in power sockets, and ground-recessed lighting fixtures, and can apply for CCC certification.
The following Q&A addresses common safety requirements in CCC certification for LED lighting fixtures.
Q: How are certification units divided?
① Installation method; ② Light source type; ③ Protection against electric shock level; ④ Enclosure protection level; ⑤ Mounting surface material and insulation material coverage; ⑥ Lamp control device; Fixtures with the same six points and similar structures can be classified into the same unit.
Q: What are the forms of protection against electric shock?
Class I – Basic insulation + protective grounding;
Class II – Double insulation/reinforced insulation;
Class III – Power supply voltage SELV + luminaire operating voltage SELV.
Q: What positioning and protective measures should be taken for power supply terminals?
Generally, an insulating pad is placed under the terminals and secured with double screws. This is to prevent any loose conductor that may detach from the stranded conductor after wiring from contacting metal parts (for power supply conductors) or live parts (for grounding conductors). Q: What are the limitations of using self-tapping screws?
Unless there is a suitable locking mechanism (such as a spring washer), self-tapping screws cannot be used to connect current-carrying components; unless at least two are used at each connection, self-tapping screws cannot be used to provide grounding continuity.
Q: How do I determine which parts of the glass or translucent enclosure require impact testing as fragile components?
Determine whether removing these components reduces the luminaire's IP protection rating, whether protection against electric shock still meets standards, and whether protection against UV radiation and light source sputtering hazards still meets standards. If any of these conditions are not met, the component should be considered fragile and subjected to impact testing.
Q: What are the mechanical performance requirements for live flexible cables used to suspend lighting fixtures?
A: Flexible cables with a sufficiently large conductor cross-sectional area should be selected so that the conductor force during suspension does not exceed 15 N/mm².
Q: What are the requirements for lighting fixtures marked with symbols or symbols?
(1) Mounting surface temperature requirements: The mounting surface temperature measured during normal working heat test and abnormal working heat test shall not exceed 90 ± 5℃ and 130 ± 5℃ respectively;
(2) Lamp control device type requirements: No further requirements are needed for lamps with transformers conforming to IEC61558-2-4/IEC61558-2-6/IEC60989 and electronic lamp control devices; 3) Distance from mounting surface requirements: At least 10mm (the luminaire housing is continuous within the projection plane of the lamp control device, the lamp control device is at least 3mm from the inner surface of the luminaire housing, and the outer surface of the luminaire housing is at least 3mm from the mounting surface); or at least 35mm (the luminaire housing is discontinuous within the projection plane of the lamp control device, and there is a direct path from the lamp control device to the mounting surface);
(4) Requirements for thermal protector type: For thermal protectors with markings and symbols (…not greater than 130), no further requirements; for thermal protectors with markings (…greater than 130) and without thermal protectors, the requirements for thermal testing under lamp control device failure conditions should be further met.
Q: Under what circumstances is a flexible cord holder required? A flexible cord holder is required if the luminaire is provided or designed to use non-removable flexible cables or cords (power cables or cords, interconnecting cables) that extend more than 80mm beyond the luminaire.
Q: Are there any special requirements for plugs for Class III luminaires? Class III luminaires cannot use plugs conforming to GB1002/GB1003. Q: How is loop installation of the luminaire completed?
A: Loop installation of the luminaire can only be completed using an appliance coupler or terminal block.
Q: Can SELV components be uninsulated?
A: Yes. However, if insulation is used, it must meet the relevant insulation resistance and electrical strength requirements.
Q: Which parts of a Class I luminaire must be grounded?
A: Metal parts that have only basic insulation from live parts and are accessible (after installation, when opened for light source or starter replacement) or easily contact the supporting surface.
Q: How should samples be pretreated before insulation resistance and electrical strength testing?
A: Samples should be placed in a humidity chamber for 48 hours, with humidity maintained at 91%-95% and temperature at any suitable value between 20°C and 30°C.
Q: LED lamps have LED modules and drivers connected between live parts of different polarities. Functionally, they need to conduct electricity. Is it unnecessary to test insulation resistance and electrical strength?
A: Insulation resistance and electrical strength tests are required between live parts of different polarities in LED lamps. During testing, the functional components between the live parts of different polarities should be removed, and the test voltage should be applied to the insulation of the components.
Q: Are there requirements for creepage distance and clearance between SELV components?
A: Creepage distance and clearance requirements are only waived when the operating voltage is below 25V. It should be noted that for slots less than 1mm, only the slot width is considered when calculating creepage distance; clearances less than 1mm are negligible when calculating clearance.
Q: What are the special requirements for durability testing of LED lamps?
A: Regardless of whether there are abnormal operating conditions, the durability test for LED lamps uniformly uses 1.10Un for 240 hours (normal operation 10×24h).
Q: What are the special requirements for the thermal testing of LED luminaires?
The normal operating thermal test uses 1.06Un (1.00Un when measuring the temperature of components with TC values). If the connection between the LED module and the LED driver is soldered or uses non-removable terminals, an abnormal operating thermal test is not required; otherwise, an abnormal operating thermal test is performed using 1.10Un.
Q: What are the requirements for the stability of portable luminaires?
Portable luminaires should not tip over when tilted at 6°; if they do tip over when tilted at 15°, the luminaire should be placed in the tilted position during the abnormal operating thermal test.
Q: What are the special requirements for the thermal testing of nightlights installed in power sockets? In addition to the possible abnormal operating conditions listed in GB7000.1, a new abnormal operating condition is added: covering the nightlight with a covering. The luminaire should operate continuously at 1.00Un for 7 hours or until damage.
Q: What are the special requirements for the IP protection rating of recessed floor lighting fixtures?
(1) IP65 + drainage device; (2) IP65 + IP67; At least one of the above solutions must be included, and more IP ratings are possible, such as IP65 + IP67 + IP68.